Glaucoma Awareness: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Early Detection

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness, especially for people over the age of 60. The scary part is that many types of glaucoma show no early symptoms, so it is easy to miss until the condition is in its advanced stages.
 

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma can affect anyone, but it is more common as we get older. The most common type, open-angle glaucoma, develops slowly over time. You might not notice any changes in your vision until the damage is severe.
 

Other types, like angle-closure glaucoma, can come on suddenly with symptoms like severe eye pain, headaches, and blurry vision. It is important to catch glaucoma early, as vision loss from the disease cannot be reversed. However, with early treatment, further vision loss can be slowed down or even stopped.
 

Symptoms of Glaucoma

The symptoms of glaucoma can vary depending on the type you have.
 

Open-angle glaucoma often has no early symptoms. As it progresses, you may notice patchy blind spots in your peripheral vision (side vision). In the later stages, you might struggle with your central vision.
 

Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause severe eye pain, headaches, nausea, and blurred vision. You may also see halos around lights. This type of glaucoma requires immediate medical attention.
 

Normal-tension glaucoma does not cause early symptoms, but blurred vision and vision loss can develop over time.
 

For children, symptoms can include increased blinking, a cloudy eye, or nearsightedness that worsens quickly.
 

Who Is at Risk?

Some people are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma. The main risk factors include:
 

• Age — Glaucoma becomes more common after age 55.

• Family history — If glaucoma runs in your family, your risk is higher.

• Ethnicity — African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics have a higher risk of developing glaucoma.

• Medical conditions — Diabetes, high blood pressure, and migraines can increase your chances of developing the condition.

• Eye health — People who are very nearsighted or farsighted or have had eye injuries or surgeries are also at higher risk.
   

Taking certain medications, like corticosteroids, for long periods can also increase your chances of getting glaucoma.
 

How Does Glaucoma Affect the Eye?

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, responsible for transmitting images to the brain. This damage usually occurs because of increased pressure inside the eye. Fluid in the eye, known as aqueous humor, usually drains out through a small channel. When this drainage system gets blocked, fluid builds up and increases eye pressure. Over time, this pressure can harm the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
 

Can Glaucoma Be Prevented?

There is no surefire way to prevent glaucoma, but early detection is critical to managing it. Here are some ways to protect your eyes:
 

• Get regular eye exams — A comprehensive eye exam can detect glaucoma before you notice any symptoms. You should get checked more often if you are over 55 or have risk factors.

• Know your family history — Glaucoma tends to run in families, so knowing your family’s eye health can help you stay informed.

• Take prescribed eye drops — If your doctor gives you eye drops to lower pressure, use them as directed. They can help prevent further damage to your optic nerve.

• Wear eye protection — Eye injuries can lead to glaucoma, so always protect your eyes during sports or when using power tools.
   

Why Early Detection Matters

The earlier glaucoma is caught, the better the chances of preventing severe vision loss. Regular eye checkups can help detect the condition before it gets worse. If you are at risk for glaucoma or notice any changes in your vision, see your eye doctor immediately.
 

Glaucoma is a serious condition that often goes unnoticed in its early stages. But with regular eye exams, you can catch it before it leads to permanent vision loss. Schedule regular eye checkups if you are over 55 or have any risk factors. Early detection and proper treatment can help protect your vision for years.
 

For more on glaucoma awareness, visit Alameda Eyes Optometry at our office in Alameda, California. Call (510) 769-2020 to book an appointment today.

Sources: 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839